Ten Defined Terms Abscisic acid - a hormone that plays a respond to weather stresses, such as cold and drought role in how plants. ABA slows seed germination and improves wheat's tolerance to cold and drought. Helps the plant function when under harsh conditions. Actin - dynamic polymers whose ATP-driven assembly in the cell cytoplasm drives shape changes, cell locomotion and chemotactic migration. Actin filaments also participate in muscle contraction cell motility, cell division and cytokinesis, vesicle and organelle movement, cell signaling, and the maintenance of cell junctions or cell shape. a globular protein. This protein is only found in all eukaryotic cells. It can be present at concentrations of over 100 nanometers. In vertebrates, there are three main groups of actin isoforms: alpha, found in muscle tissues, beta, and gamma, which are both found as components as components of the cytoskeleton and as helpers of internal cell motility. Autotroph – also known as a producer; an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple inorganic molecules using energy from light (by photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis).Two types of autotrophs: Photosynthetic and Chemosynthetic. Bryophyte – land plants that do not have true vascular tissue; some have specialized tissues for water transport; a type of plant that can survive while lacking many of the adaptations of most plants Endosperm – tissue that surrounds and nourishes the embryo in the angiosperm seed; Endosperm is formed when the two sperm nuclei inside a pollen grain reach the interior of an embryo sac or female gametophyte. One sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg, forming a zygote, while the other sperm nucleus usually fuses with the two polar nuclei at the center of the embryo sac, forming a primary endosperm cell. Ovary - part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium; portion of the carpel where the egg-containing ovules develop; allows for seeds and fruit to develop Meristem - the tissue in most plants consisting of undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place. The meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant, and keep the plant growing. Cells in this area are said to be similar to the stem cells in animals. Pollen - A fine powdery substance, typically yellow, of microscopic grains discharged from the male part of a flower or from a male cone transported to the female ovule by the wind, insects, or other animals. Creates offspring. Tendril of a plant – plant organ specialized to anchor and support vining stems; a slender whiplike strand, produced from the node of a stem, by which a vine or other plant may climb; may be modified leaves, leaflets, leaf tips, or leaf stipules Vascular Plant Tissue - complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants; composed of xylem and phloem, which function in the transport of water and dissolved substances
Ten Collected Terms Angiosperm - a flowering plant which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary. They can be distinguished from gymnosperms because they have flowers, endosperm within their seeds, and they produce fruit containing seeds. They have vascular plants that have the ovules and seeds that form the embryo and endosperm by double fertilization. They typically have flower surrounded by a perianth composed of two sets of foral envelopes. Conifer leaf – leaf from a coniferous plants; conifer leaves are specialized photosynthetic organs on conifers Deciduous leaf – refer to trees or other plants that lose their leaves or flowers every autumn and re-grow them in the spring Frond – a plant with a large leaf that usually has many divisions; a fern is a frond Fruit (fleshy with seed) – a seed in which the pericarp is juicy (at ripen); an apple is a pome which still is a fleshy fruit; consists of cartilaginous core and surrounded by an accessory layer Long-day plant – a plant that requires a lot of sunlight to induce flowering; these plants flower in the northern hemisphere during spring and summer when days get longer Pollinator – biotic agent that moves pollen from the male anthers of a flower to the female stigma of a flower to accomplish fertilization of the female gamete in the ovule of the flower by the male gamete from the pollen grain Short-day Plant – a plant that flowers when the days are short; need darkness so that floral development can begin; flower in the middle of the night with moon light or lightning Stem (woody) – a plant that has been growing for more than a couple of years has a stem that is woody; the stem thickens to allow for growth and circulation in the plant; trees have woody stems Thorn of a plant – modified branches/stems; hard, sharp pointed structures on th
Abscisic acid - a hormone that plays a respond to weather stresses, such as cold and drought role in how plants. ABA slows seed germination and improves wheat's tolerance to cold and drought. Helps the plant function when under harsh conditions.
Actin - dynamic polymers whose ATP-driven assembly in the cell cytoplasm drives shape changes, cell locomotion and chemotactic migration. Actin filaments also participate in muscle contraction cell motility, cell division and cytokinesis, vesicle and organelle movement, cell signaling, and the maintenance of cell junctions or cell shape. a globular protein. This protein is only found in all eukaryotic cells. It can be present at concentrations of over 100 nanometers. In vertebrates, there are three main groups of actin isoforms: alpha, found in muscle tissues, beta, and gamma, which are both found as components as components of the cytoskeleton and as helpers of internal cell motility.
Autotroph – also known as a producer; an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple inorganic molecules using energy from light (by photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis).Two types of autotrophs: Photosynthetic and Chemosynthetic.
Bryophyte – land plants that do not have true vascular tissue; some have specialized tissues for water transport; a type of plant that can survive while lacking many of the adaptations of most plants
Endosperm – tissue that surrounds and nourishes the embryo in the angiosperm seed; Endosperm is formed when the two sperm nuclei inside a pollen grain reach the interior of an embryo sac or female gametophyte. One sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg, forming a zygote, while the other sperm nucleus usually fuses with the two polar nuclei at the center of the embryo sac, forming a primary endosperm cell.
Ovary - part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium; portion of the carpel where the egg-containing ovules develop; allows for seeds and fruit to develop
Meristem - the tissue in most plants consisting of undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place. The meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant, and keep the plant growing. Cells in this area are said to be similar to the stem cells in animals.
Pollen - A fine powdery substance, typically yellow, of microscopic grains discharged from the male part of a flower or from a male cone transported to the female ovule by the wind, insects, or other animals. Creates offspring.
Tendril of a plant – plant organ specialized to anchor and support vining stems; a slender whiplike strand, produced from the node of a stem, by which a vine or other plant may climb; may be modified leaves, leaflets, leaf tips, or leaf stipules
Vascular Plant Tissue - complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants; composed of xylem and phloem, which function in the transport of water and dissolved substances
Ten Collected Terms
Angiosperm - a flowering plant which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary. They can be distinguished from gymnosperms because they have flowers, endosperm within their seeds, and they produce fruit containing seeds. They have vascular plants that have the ovules and seeds that form the embryo and endosperm by double fertilization. They typically have flower surrounded by a perianth composed of two sets of foral envelopes.
Conifer leaf – leaf from a coniferous plants; conifer leaves are specialized photosynthetic organs on conifers
Deciduous leaf – refer to trees or other plants that lose their leaves or flowers every autumn and re-grow them in the spring
Frond – a plant with a large leaf that usually has many divisions; a fern is a frond
Fruit (fleshy with seed) – a seed in which the pericarp is juicy (at ripen); an apple is a pome which still is a fleshy fruit; consists of cartilaginous core and surrounded by an accessory layer
Long-day plant – a plant that requires a lot of sunlight to induce flowering; these plants flower in the northern hemisphere during spring and summer when days get longer
Pollinator – biotic agent that moves pollen from the male anthers of a flower to the female stigma of a flower to accomplish fertilization of the female gamete in the ovule of the flower by the male gamete from the pollen grain
Short-day Plant – a plant that flowers when the days are short; need darkness so that floral development can begin; flower in the middle of the night with moon light or lightning
Stem (woody) – a plant that has been growing for more than a couple of years has a stem that is woody; the stem thickens to allow for growth and circulation in the plant; trees have woody stems
Thorn of a plant – modified branches/stems; hard, sharp pointed structures on th