1. Abscisic Acid-A plant hormone that slows down growth; anatogonizes the effects of growth hormones; Two of the acid's effects are to promote seed dormancy and facilitate drought tolerance.Significance-The acid causes the stomates to close during times of water stress- reduces plant's water loss.Itslows plant growth and directs the leaf to develop scales to protect the buds when it is very cold. It is produced in response to when the plant is under stress.
2. Actin-A globular protein that links into chains- two twist helically about each other: forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. It is the most highly conserved protein. They are the subunits of microfilaments and thin filaments.Significance-It determines the idenity of filaments because the giant filamentous cells can be broken up to expose cytoplasmic strands. It participates in muscle contraction, cell motility, cell division, cytokinesis, vesicle and organelle movement, cell signaling, and maintaining cell shape.
3. Chlorophyta-A type of green algae, there is over 7,000 species that range from organe-green.Significance- There is a lot of diversity and are found in many types of habitats. They can also trap solar energy through cholorophyll a and b --photosynthesis. They store food as starch in plasmid.
4. Endosperm-Rich in nutrients and formed by the union of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei during double fertilization-provides nourishment to the developing embryo in the angiosperm seeds.Significance- They store food for the plant.5. Frond-a large, divided leaf.Significance- In most plants, they are the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration.
6. Gibberellins-A class of plant hormones that are related; They stimulate plant growth in stems and leaves, trigger germination of seeds and breaking of bud dormancy, and stimulate fruit development with auxlin.Significance- Controls elongation in mature trees and shrubs, and stimulates cell division and growth;if given to a dwarf plant, it can grow to normal size; renews the growth of the embryo
7. Lignin-A hard material embedded in the cellulose matrix of vascular plant cell walls; An important adaptaion for support in terrestrial species.Significance-it hardens and strengthens the cell walls of plants.
8. Meristem-Plant tissue that is embryonic as long as the plant lives- allows Indeterminate growth.Significance-it has undifferentiated cells, which are sometimes marked and are regions of growth in the plant(cell division);gives rise to plant organs or can increase the size of the plant.
9. Pteridophyte-Vascular plants that don't produce and flowers and seeds, also known as vascular cryptogams.Significance- Prevent soil erosion; metabolize energy at a low level.
10. Sporophyte-(organisms undergoing alternation of generations) Multicellular diploid form results from a union of gametes- meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.Significance- develops spores that develop into a gametophyte;produce gametes that unite, forming the zygotes that develop into sporophytes.
11.Angiosperm- two classes: monocots and dicots; leaves can be shaped from round to heart shaped to oblong; leaves in one piece are called simple leaves; leaves divided into multiple leaflets are called compound leaves; the reproductive structures are flowers; the flowers consist of four whorls of modified leaves.Significance-store food in their endosperms; primary source of food for animals; provide oxygen for breathe.
12.Deciduous Leaf-This is a picture of a Crab Apple Tree. Their Leaves fall during the end of the growing season, which is Fall. When fall begins, the leaves turn from green to a different color. The color depends on which type of plant; however in the end, it most often turns into an orange or brown color.Significance- The leaves let the plant to conserve water. The leaves falling lets it to survive winter weather to prepare for hibernation.
13.Fruit(Fleshy with Seed)- This is a picture of a banana. Fruits that are fleshy with seeds can be separated into two groups: the type that are formed from a single flower and the type that are formed from a group of flowers. They can have one seed or more.Significance-They have good nutritional value and provide us with vitamins.
14.Long Day Plant-This is a picture of a Petunia plant. A Long Day Plant blooms their flowers when the light period is long.This usually happens in late spring and summer.Significance- The Long Day Plant can only grow in particular areas and the flowers can only bloom during certain times of the year(usually summer). 15.Thorn of a plant-Below the Dog Wood plant, you can see some thorns. A thorn is a part of the branch of the plant. It resembles a sharp spike.Significance- They protect and defend plants from insects, animals, etc. by poking them with their sharp spike. 16.Conifer Leaf-This is a picture of a Cyprus Plant. Their Leaves that are found on coniferous trees. Some examples include Pine trees, Cedar trees, and Cyprus. The leaves are attached along the stems in a helical pattern, in opposite pairs or in trios. They have their leaves throughout the year. The leaves are thin, long , and needle-like. The leaves are also green year-round.Significance- characteristics of the leaves are structured to help the trees survive from severe winter and summer weather. 17.Fruit Dry with Seed- This is a picture of pistachio nuts. Fruits that are dry with seed can be separated into two groups: the type that the seeds are contained in a seedpod that releases the seeds which is called a Dehiscent and the type that doesn't have a seedpod that opens to release the seeds, which is called an Indehiscent. The dry fruit with seeds ages and dies out of fruit tissues.Significance- they have good nutritional value and provide us with vitamins. 18. Gymnosperm Cone- This is a pine cone.A gymnosperm cone is a vascular plant that has seeds that are not in specialized chambers. The seeds develop on the surface of the scale, the similar leaf like looking parts of the cone, or in the end of short stalks.Significance- The female gymnosperm cones have seeds while the male gymnosperm cones have pollen. 19. Stem(woody)- This is a stem of a shrub plant. Stem that is woody is made up of bark. It holds up the structures of the plant(flowers). Significance- lets the plant obtain light for photosynthesis, be ready for pollination,and carries water and minerals. 20.Stem(herbaceous)-This is a dwarf palm tree. Herbaceous stems are plant structures that have been modified to serve the same function as leaves. They also have little to no woody tissue. It's a term for the morphological apperance of parts of a plant, typically used when structures look and act like leaves with leaf-like texture and color.significance- holds the plant up to get light for photosynthesis and be available for pollination. It also carries water and minerals up the plant and take food down the plant. It also makes the plant look nice.
2. Actin- A globular protein that links into chains- two twist helically about each other: forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells. It is the most highly conserved protein. They are the subunits of microfilaments and thin filaments. Significance- It determines the idenity of filaments because the giant filamentous cells can be broken up to expose cytoplasmic strands. It participates in muscle contraction, cell motility, cell division, cytokinesis, vesicle and organelle movement, cell signaling, and maintaining cell shape.
3. Chlorophyta- A type of green algae, there is over 7,000 species that range from organe-green. Significance- There is a lot of diversity and are found in many types of habitats. They can also trap solar energy through cholorophyll a and b --photosynthesis. They store food as starch in plasmid.
4. Endosperm-Rich in nutrients and formed by the union of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei during double fertilization-provides nourishment to the developing embryo in the angiosperm seeds. Significance- They store food for the plant.5. Frond-a large, divided leaf. Significance- In most plants, they are the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration.
6. Gibberellins- A class of plant hormones that are related; They stimulate plant growth in stems and leaves, trigger germination of seeds and breaking of bud dormancy, and stimulate fruit development with auxlin. Significance- Controls elongation in mature trees and shrubs, and stimulates cell division and growth; if given to a dwarf plant, it can grow to normal size; renews the growth of the embryo
7. Lignin-A hard material embedded in the cellulose matrix of vascular plant cell walls; An important adaptaion for support in terrestrial species. Significance- it hardens and strengthens the cell walls of plants.
8. Meristem-Plant tissue that is embryonic as long as the plant lives- allows Indeterminate growth. Significance- it has undifferentiated cells, which are sometimes marked and are regions of growth in the plant(cell division);gives rise to plant organs or can increase the size of the plant.
9. Pteridophyte- Vascular plants that don't produce and flowers and seeds, also known as vascular cryptogams.Significance- Prevent soil erosion; metabolize energy at a low level.
10. Sporophyte-(organisms undergoing alternation of generations) Multicellular diploid form results from a union of gametes- meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.Significance- develops spores that develop into a gametophyte; produce gametes that unite, forming the zygotes that develop into sporophytes.
11. Angiosperm- two classes: monocots and dicots; leaves can be shaped from round to heart shaped to oblong; leaves in one piece are called simple leaves; leaves divided into multiple leaflets are called compound leaves; the reproductive structures are flowers; the flowers consist of four whorls of modified leaves. Significance-store food in their endosperms; primary source of food for animals; provide oxygen for breathe.
12.Deciduous Leaf-This is a picture of a Crab Apple Tree. Their Leaves fall during the end of the growing season, which is Fall. When fall begins, the leaves turn from green to a different color. The color depends on which type of plant; however in the end, it most often turns into an orange or brown color. Significance- The leaves let the plant to conserve water. The leaves falling lets it to survive winter weather to prepare for hibernation.
13.Fruit(Fleshy with Seed)- This is a picture of a banana. Fruits that are fleshy with seeds can be separated into two groups: the type that are formed from a single flower and the type that are formed from a group of flowers. They can have one seed or more. Significance-They have good nutritional value and provide us with vitamins.
14.Long Day Plant-This is a picture of a Petunia plant. A Long Day Plant blooms their flowers when the light period is long.This usually happens in late spring and summer. Significance- The Long Day Plant can only grow in particular areas and the flowers can only bloom during certain times of the year(usually summer).
15.Thorn of a plant-Below the Dog Wood plant, you can see some thorns. A thorn is a part of the branch of the plant. It resembles a sharp spike. Significance- They protect and defend plants from insects, animals, etc. by poking them with their sharp spike.
16. Conifer Leaf-This is a picture of a Cyprus Plant. Their Leaves that are found on coniferous trees. Some examples include Pine trees, Cedar trees, and Cyprus. The leaves are attached along the stems in a helical pattern, in opposite pairs or in trios. They have their leaves throughout the year. The leaves are thin, long , and needle-like. The leaves are also green year-round. Significance- characteristics of the leaves are structured to help the trees survive from severe winter and summer weather.
17. Fruit Dry with Seed- This is a picture of pistachio nuts. Fruits that are dry with seed can be separated into two groups: the type that the seeds are contained in a seedpod that releases the seeds which is called a Dehiscent and the type that doesn't have a seedpod that opens to release the seeds, which is called an Indehiscent. The dry fruit with seeds ages and dies out of fruit tissues. Significance- they have good nutritional value and provide us with vitamins.
18. Gymnosperm Cone- This is a pine cone.A gymnosperm cone is a vascular plant that has seeds that are not in specialized chambers. The seeds develop on the surface of the scale, the similar leaf like looking parts of the cone, or in the end of short stalks.Significance- The female gymnosperm cones have seeds while the male gymnosperm cones have pollen.
19. Stem(woody)- This is a stem of a shrub plant. Stem that is woody is made up of bark. It holds up the structures of the plant(flowers). Significance- lets the plant obtain light for photosynthesis, be ready for pollination,and carries water and minerals.
20. Stem(herbaceous)-This is a dwarf palm tree. Herbaceous stems are plant structures that have been modified to serve the same function as leaves. They also have little to no woody tissue. It's a term for the morphological apperance of parts of a plant, typically used when structures look and act like leaves with leaf-like texture and color.significance- holds the plant up to get light for photosynthesis and be available for pollination. It also carries water and minerals up the plant and take food down the plant. It also makes the plant look nice.