1. Xylem: vascular tissue in vascular plants; conducts most of the water and minerals; includes tracheids (tube shaped cells that carry water and minerals up from roots) Significance: feeds the plant, gives it water, upward from roots to shoots, give it structural support 2. Thorn of a plant: on a plant (usually the stem), a protuberance that is sharp and spiny Significance: aid plants in staying alive, as predators will be less likely to eat something that will hurt them
3. Phloem: tissue that includes living sugar-conducting cells arranged in tubes that distribute sugars, amino acids, and other organic products Significance: transport organic nutrients (sugars) from where they are made to where they are needed 4. Pollen: fine powdery substance of tiny, tiny grains discharged from male part of flower or from male cone transported to female ovule by wind, insects, or other animals Significance: help to transplant the seeds of plants so they can continue growing 5.Frond: leaf or leaf like part of a palm, fern, or plant; usually has many divisions Significance: gives the plant more surface area to get more sunlight therefore getting more energy to grow 6.Autotroph: “self-feeders”, sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms, use carbon dioxide and other inorganic materials as “food” Significance: ultimate source of organic compounds for all nonautotrophic organisms 7. Meristem: perpetually embryonic tissues that allow plants to have indeterminate growth, keep dividing Significance: allows organs to come about, and keep the plant growing 8.Monocot plant with flower and leaf: flowering plant with 1 cotyledon (seed leaf) – when seed breaks, one leaf comes out, have parallel leaf veins, all parts of flowers in a multiples of three ex) orchids, palms, wheat Significance: adds to the biodiversity of the plants, different from the dicots 9.Cellulose: polysaccharide, major component of cell walls that enclose plant cells, most abundant organic compound on earth Significance: make up strong building material for plants and in wood 10. Deciduous leaf: only on deciduous trees, leaf that is lost every year when cold or dry seasons come about and has to be grown again Significance: helps to reduce damage from insects; may be less energy intensive than repairing leaves 11. Actin: globular protein, builds microfilaments Significance: part of microfilament which provides structural networks for eukaryotic cells 12. Pollinator: agent that moves pollen from flower to another flower, effectively cross pollinating to fertilize that other flower Significance: aids plants in spreading their seeds and keeping them from dying off because they are not fertilized 13. Lignin: phenolic polymer that strengthens the cell-walls of water conducting cells in vascular plants Significance: allow the water cells to do their work 14. Fruit – fleshy with seed: all fruits have seeds, and is able to be eaten in the raw state, fleshy inside Significance: have to be eaten to release the seeds so more plants can be planted, can be eaten raw, 15. Conifer Leaf: leaf produced by a conifer plant, usually a needles Significance: different from deciduous leaf because it has to keep all moisture in and not be eaten because it is never replaced, always present, year round 16. Abscisic acid: compound, causes seed dormancy and drought tolerance Significance: allows plants with this to sustain themselves through droughts 17. Bryophyte: nonvascular plants; nonflowering Significance: no true roots, rather no vascular tissue 18. Modified stem of a plant: stem of a plant that is growing off the side of a plant that has a stem Significance: varying location of stem, and plant can still grow, not all stems have to be outside ground and not all plants have to have 1 stem 19. Gymnosperm cone: “naked seed” plants because seeds are not enclosed in chambers, has a central axis with overlapping groups of seeds
Significance: different type of seed, in direct contact with environment instead 20. Stem - woody: main stalk of shrub, above ground, outer layer may be covered with a corky bark Significance: holds the tree/shrub, ensures it is not even with the ground Pictures:
Significance: feeds the plant, gives it water, upward from roots to shoots, give it structural support
2. Thorn of a plant: on a plant (usually the stem), a protuberance that is sharp and spiny
Significance: aid plants in staying alive, as predators will be less likely to eat something that will hurt them
3. Phloem: tissue that includes living sugar-conducting cells arranged in tubes that distribute sugars, amino acids, and other organic products
Significance: transport organic nutrients (sugars) from where they are made to where they are needed
4. Pollen: fine powdery substance of tiny, tiny grains discharged from male part of flower or from male cone transported to female ovule by wind, insects, or other animals
Significance: help to transplant the seeds of plants so they can continue growing
5.Frond: leaf or leaf like part of a palm, fern, or plant; usually has many divisions
Significance: gives the plant more surface area to get more sunlight therefore getting more energy to grow
6.Autotroph: “self-feeders”, sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms, use carbon dioxide and other inorganic materials as “food”
Significance: ultimate source of organic compounds for all nonautotrophic organisms
7. Meristem: perpetually embryonic tissues that allow plants to have indeterminate growth, keep dividing
Significance: allows organs to come about, and keep the plant growing
8.Monocot plant with flower and leaf: flowering plant with 1 cotyledon (seed leaf) – when seed breaks, one leaf comes out, have parallel leaf veins, all parts of flowers in a multiples of three ex) orchids, palms, wheat
Significance: adds to the biodiversity of the plants, different from the dicots
9.Cellulose: polysaccharide, major component of cell walls that enclose plant cells, most abundant organic compound on earth
Significance: make up strong building material for plants and in wood
10. Deciduous leaf: only on deciduous trees, leaf that is lost every year when cold or dry seasons come about and has to be grown again
Significance: helps to reduce damage from insects; may be less energy intensive than repairing leaves
11. Actin: globular protein, builds microfilaments
Significance: part of microfilament which provides structural networks for eukaryotic cells
12. Pollinator: agent that moves pollen from flower to another flower, effectively cross pollinating to fertilize that other flower
Significance: aids plants in spreading their seeds and keeping them from dying off because they are not fertilized
13. Lignin: phenolic polymer that strengthens the cell-walls of water conducting cells in vascular plants
Significance: allow the water cells to do their work
14. Fruit – fleshy with seed: all fruits have seeds, and is able to be eaten in the raw state, fleshy inside
Significance: have to be eaten to release the seeds so more plants can be planted, can be eaten raw,
15. Conifer Leaf: leaf produced by a conifer plant, usually a needles
Significance: different from deciduous leaf because it has to keep all moisture in and not be eaten because it is never replaced, always present, year round
16. Abscisic acid: compound, causes seed dormancy and drought tolerance
Significance: allows plants with this to sustain themselves through droughts
17. Bryophyte: nonvascular plants; nonflowering
Significance: no true roots, rather no vascular tissue
18. Modified stem of a plant: stem of a plant that is growing off the side of a plant that has a stem
Significance: varying location of stem, and plant can still grow, not all stems have to be outside ground and not all plants have to have 1 stem
19. Gymnosperm cone: “naked seed” plants because seeds are not enclosed in chambers, has a central axis with overlapping groups of seeds
Significance: different type of seed, in direct contact with environment instead
20. Stem - woody: main stalk of shrub, above ground, outer layer may be covered with a corky bark
Significance: holds the tree/shrub, ensures it is not even with the ground
Pictures: